List the sources in the same order they will appear in the Works Cited list alphabetical by first entry. Example: Pundits agree that globalization will impact the future of all businesses as national borders are breached, trade barriers are broken down, and both eventually disappear Friedman 42; Ronkainen, Czinkota, and Tarrant 1.
If you use an indirect quotation information found in a source that was quoting another source, also known as a secondary source use the following method of in-text citation.
Example: An environmental group's president, Glenn Prickett, made the following observation about arriving by plane in a remote Amazon village: "Touching down on the grass landing strip we were met by the entire village in traditional dress -- and undress -- and painted faces, with a smattering of American baseball caps bearing random logos" qtd. If the encyclopedia entry has an author, use it. In either case, do not use the page number since these sources are arranged alphabetically.
If the author of the work is an organization, government agency, or corporation, list the name of the author in either the signal tag or the parenthetical ciation. Since the name of the author cannot be shortened like a title can be, if the name is lengthy United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, for example , place the name in the signal phrase instead of the parenthetical citation.
Examples: According to United States Army, "globalization, the Lexus, is the central organizing principle of the post—Cold War world, even though many individuals and nations resist by holding on to what has traditionally mattered to them—the olive tree" 4.
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If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Citation Guide: Parenthetical Citations A guide to create citations for bibliographies and works cited in reference papers.
Parenthetical Citations If the information derived from more than one page in the work, format page numbers just as you do in an MLA Works Cited. In your first parenthetical citation, you want to make clear which Bible you're using and underline or italicize the title , as each version varies in its translation, followed by book do not italicize or underline , chapter, and verse. Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An indirect source is a source cited within another source.
For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. Note that, in most cases, a responsible researcher will attempt to find the original source, rather than citing an indirect source. Sources that take the form of a dialogue involving two or more participants have special guidelines for their quotation and citation. Each line of dialogue should begin with the speaker's name written in all capitals and indented half an inch.
A period follows the name e. After the period, write the dialogue. Each successive line after the first should receive an additional indentation. When another person begins speaking, start a new line with that person's name indented only half an inch. Repeat this pattern each time the speaker changes. You can include stage directions in the quote if they appear in the original source.
Conclude with a parenthetical that explains where to find the excerpt in the source. Pleadingly Give me a drink, Rocky. Harry said it was all right. God, I need a drink. Avidly Thanks. He takes the bottle with both twitching hands and tilts it to his lips and gulps down the whiskey in big swallows.
With more and more scholarly work published on the Internet, you may have to cite sources you found in digital environments. While many sources on the Internet should not be used for scholarly work reference the OWL's Evaluating Sources of Information resource , some Web sources are perfectly acceptable for research.
When creating in-text citations for electronic, film, or Internet sources, remember that your citation must reference the source on your Works Cited page. Sometimes writers are confused with how to craft parenthetical citations for electronic sources because of the absence of page numbers.
However, these sorts of entries often do not require a page number in the parenthetical citation. For electronic and Internet sources, follow the following guidelines:. Herzog, Werner, dir. Klaus Kinski. Filmverlag der Autoren, Yates, Jane. In the first example an online magazine article , the writer has chosen not to include the author name in-text; however, two entries from the same author appear in the Works Cited.
If the title of the article was not named in the sentence, an abbreviated version would appear in a parenthetical citation at the end of the sentence. Both corresponding Works Cited entries are as follows:. When you incorporate a direct quotation into a sentence, you must cite the source. Fit quotations within your sentences, making sure the sentences are grammatically correct:. Even if you put information in your own words by summarizing or paraphrasing, you must cite the original author or researcher as well as the page or paragraph number s.
Within the research paper, quotations will have more impact when used judiciously Gibaldi Sometimes an author writes about research that someone else has done, but you are unable to track down the original research report.
If a source does not include an author's name, substitute for the author's name the title or an abbreviated title in the text or parenthetical citation. Underline the title if the source is a book; if the source is an article, use quotation marks:. The use of Customer Relationship Management CRM systems has grown substantially over the past five years as companies attempt to adapt to customer needs and to improve their profitability "Making CRM Work".
Place a citation as close to the quoted or paraphrased material as possible without disrupting the sentence. When material from one source and the same page numbers is used throughout a paragraph, use one citation at the end of the paragraph rather than a citation at the end of each sentence.
Parenthetical citations usually appear after the final quotation mark and before the period. An exception occurs, however, in quotes of four or more lines since these quotes are presented as block quotes: that is, they are indented and use no quotation marks.
In such cases, the parenthetical citation goes after the period, as the following example shows: Bolles argues that the most effective job hunting method is what he calls. In-text citations for electronic sources are treated in most respects as print texts are. The only real difference occurs because electronic texts do not have page numbers unless the source is in PDF format or otherwise mimics a print version of the source.
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