The government can also table new bills in the legislature. The prime Minister is also the president of the council of ministers. The incumbent Premier is Matteo Renzi since February 22, Italy has a bicameral parliamentary system that is comprised of two houses of parliament. Both houses have similar powers and approve bills into legislation.
Deputies are required by law to be between 18 and 25 years while Senators are between 25 to 40 years. The Deputies and Senators are elected for five-year terms. The Parliament can warrant the government to resign if they give a vote of no confidence.
The Court of Cassation makes sure that the law is interpreted uniformly across the nation. Under the Court of Cassation is the Court of Appeal, which hears appeals from lower courts.
A network of criminal, civil, and administrative courts are tasked with the administration of justice in the country.
The president appoints the executive cabinet, serves as president of the judiciary, and is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The prime minister is a member of the cabinet, and is able to nominate a list of cabinet ministers to be appointed by the president. The president is elected by an electoral college. The prime minister is appointed by the president with the approval of parliament.
The Corte Suprema di Cassazione is the highest court of the land and has jurisdiction over all lower courts. The Corte Costituzionale determines the constitutionality of laws. Corte Suprema di Cassazione is appointed by the superior council of the judiciary, headed by the president.
The Government must have the support of both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, so Parliament exercises a significant degree of control over the Prime Minister and his Cabinet. The Prime Minister can be removed through a vote of no confidence from the majority coalition in Parliament, after which the President must either dissolve Parliament for new elections or appoint a new Prime Minister from within the current Parliament to lead it.
There have been nineteen legislatures, forty-three consecutive premierships, and sixty-five different cabinets in the history of the Italian Government.
The President of Italy is responsible for upholding many of the same duties as the King of Italy once had, as his role brings together the three branches of the Italian political framework — the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.
He also acts as the commander-in-chief of the Italian military. Constitutionally, any Italian citizen over the age of fifty who has civil and political rights can be elected president.
In addition, the President cannot retain office in any other institution and has a salary and privileges set in stone by the law. The President has the power to authorise bills, dissolve Parliament, call a referendum, declare war, and grant pardons, among many others; he can be impeached in instances of high treason or constitutional violations.
The judicial system in Italy is derived from Roman law and the Napoleonic code, and is a mix of adversarial and inquisitorial law systems. The Italian judiciary branch is completely autonomous and independent, but the Minister of Justice remains responsible for any services linked to justice and can discipline judges if required. The Constitutional Court has authority over primary legislation only.
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