In this maneuver, the driver would get really close behind his teammate to draft up speed and be able to pass the car in front of them. At first I didn't understand how this worked, but I dived into some of the physics behind it to get a better understanding. The slingshot maneuver, which is also known as drafting, is not only used in race car driving but also in other sports such as cycling.
In this imagw, you can see how drafting works and enables the second car to go faster. The second car gains speed when it gets right up behind another driver because the first car is keeping the second car from being impacted by wind resistance or drag forces. I watched cyclists use this technique in the Olympic events last year in order to gain an advantage. Towards the end of the race, the riders often go into a slipstream where the rider trailing gets really close behind the leader so that pedaling is easier because there is less drag force acting on them.
Then when they have saved up enough energy, they are able to cycle past the leader and win the race. You can see this demonstrated in the video from the link below.
This is a pretty clever technique that can change the outcome of sporting events and it was interesting to understand the physics behind it. There are no comments to display. Paste as plain text instead. Only 75 emoji are allowed. Teams, sometimes official but often an informal collaboration, use the power of drafting to rocket members past the competition, vie for the best track real estate and even steal the race lead at a moment's notice.
All's fair, it seems, in love, war and drafting. The two-car draft is the most basic draft pattern and the one most often used by a team. Pulling within a car length of a lead car benefits the trailing car by reducing drag. That same reduction also benefits the lead car as the presence of the trailing car reduces the pressure drag off the back of the lead car. The result is a speed increase for both drivers. He said the drag created by the boxy truck designs, as well as less horsepower than Cup Series vehicles, put drafting at the top of the strategy list.
As you may have guessed, the more cars involved in a draft the less drag each vehicle will experience. Bodine has seen and experienced this phenomenon, firsthand. This is why cars often run in drafting packs and lines, each gaining a few more miles per hour from the car in front and behind as pressure drag is reduced. This can have a profound effect on the overall running of a race. Bodine also said lead drivers often shift from one drafting lane to another as need dictates.
Whatever lane they lead will go just a little faster than the one they just left. And if a driver makes a mistake and falls out of the drafting line it could spell doom for their chances in the race. The basic physics of the draft -- from the two-car draft to draft lines -- can be used by teams to accelerate their drivers or stall the competition by depriving them of reduced pressure drag.
But it's not so simple streaking down the track at nosebleed speeds. Bodine said the days of practice leading up to a race allow each driver to get to know the other cars. There should be no surprises. This means finding the sweet spots on a potential lead car's bumper for the draft, and in more advanced driving situations where to place your car in front of or behind another car to deprive them of downforce, increase their drag, or even rob them of an opportunity to pass.
That's where we take a look at the more "sophisticated" side of drafting. Drafting isn't limited to auto racing, though it is most effective at higher speeds where there's more energy from a moving object displacing air therefore creating a slipstream behind it.
Bicycle racers and speed skaters most often take advantage of drafting. Both sports use pace lines - long lines of racers exploiting slipstream physics, as well as what is referred to as "pelotons" in cycle racing, or large packs of racers reducing pressure drag.
Cross-country skiing and running use variations of drafting, too. Swimmers -- both open water and pool competitors -- will often swim close to another athlete to take advantage of the slight vacuum and less-dense water created in the wake, and on the sides, of the lead swimmer. The last laps of a race are often the best. When the checkered flag is waved partnerships are dissolved, heated competition ratchets up to the nuclear level and drafting becomes less of a strategy and more of a weapon.
The Archer brothers, Tommy and Bobby, made their mark in the Sports Car Club of America SCCA when they used a technique called bump drafting , also referred to as impulse momentum in engineering circles, to steal the lead from the competition. The technique involves the trailing car driving up and actually hitting the lead car's bumper to shoot it ahead while pulling the trailing car behind it.
Jerre Hill said he was skeptical about the process, and that the math and physics didn't quite mesh with the reality. But whether it works or not, the technique is impressive -- and dangerous. The trailing driver needs to hit the lead car in precisely the right spot and at precisely the right angle. Failure to do so can lead to disaster. Hill said as the trailing car comes closer to the lead car the air stream under the car, the downforce, is disrupted. As this happens the nose of the lead car begins to raise a little adding an upforce to the equation.
The lead car's tires have less contact with the track and can often slip entirely even before the bump is made. Drivers will often take advantage of this in the last laps by getting close to a lead competitor in exactly the wrong spot and unsticking their tires by manipulating their downforce stream.
They may also add a small bump and just that fast, a potential first place finisher moves to the back of the field. While the bump draft often affects the lead car, the trailing car is taking some risks as well. The same draft that pulls them along can also rob them of the air they need to cool their superheated engines. Several races have been won by a savvy lead driver that allowed a trailing car to creep up from behind, stay there just a little too long, and leave the field with a heat-blown engine.
The slingshot is a classic move -- a crowd-pleaser, the gold standard of drafting strategy. Simply put, the last laps of a race are coming and a trailing driver needs to steal the lead.
The trailing car drafts the lead car, uses the pressure reduction to ease its movement through the air, waits for the right curve, mashes the gas and uses the extra power to slingshot ahead for the race victory.
The danger of drafting trucks on highways to increase miles per gallon, once the purview of the dangerously insane, is now used by the elusive hypermiler. Actually, the best strategy for saving a few miles per gallon is to properly inflate a car's tires and keep it in peak operating condition; however, some drivers choose a more controversial, and dangerous method.
Slipstream dynamics can be used by drivers pulling close behind large trucks on the highway. By tailgating, the same effects of reducing drag will pull a car along in the wake of the truck and add a few miles per gallon as the smaller car's engine works less. This technique is common among hypermilers.
The hypermiler is a relatively new breed of driver that seek to push the most miles per gallon they can out of a standard vehicle through techniques like highway coasting, stopping their engine instead of idling at lights and never backing out of a parking spot. The thought behind this is that when a car backs out, and then goes forward, it has used twice as much fuel for the same distance. Small savings like this add up over a tank of gas.
Hypermilers go to more extreme measures, too, like taking out every other seat in the car except for the driver's and not carrying a spare tire or a vehicle jack. Some hypermilers claim they get anywhere from 60 to 80 miles per gallon from a car rated for the high 20s on the highway. Pearson was reportedly worried about a slingshot maneuver from Petty and at the last minute allowed Petty to surge ahead.
Pearson used the greater horsepower in his car to make up the distance, then drafted Petty and used a slingshot maneuver to get around him to take the win. At the Daytona in , Jeff Gordon fended off a nose-to-tail challenge from racing legend Dale Earnhardt. Thus, most American cars produced before were made with right-side driver seating, although intended for right-side driving.
As most people are right-handed, the driver would sit to the right of the seat so his whip hand was free. Traffic congestion in 18th century London led to a law being passed to make all traffic on London Bridge keep to the left in order to reduce collisions.
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